Hierarchical structure of the human organism + Homeostasis

 Hierarchical structure of the human organism

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Our body has a hierarchical structure. This means that it consists of elements arranged according to the degree of complexity of the structure.

Cell

the basic building and functional unit of the organism

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Tissue

a set of cells of a similar structure and common origin performing specific functions

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Organ

a set of tissues specialized in performing a specific function

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Organ system

a set of organs that cooperate in the performance of a given activity

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Organism

cooperating organ systems forming a whole

Organ systems 

locomotor system: muscular system - the active part, allows movement skeletal system - passive part, supports body weight, gives shape to the body, protects organs, stores mineral salts the circulatory system: circulatory system - transports substances such as nutrients, oxygen lymphatic system - takes part in the body's defense reactions, transports some substances (fats, water) digestive system - collects, digests and absorbs food, removes undigested residues nervous system - allows you to react to stimuli, coordinates the work of organs endocrine system - regulates life processes with the help of hormones urinary system - excretes products of metabolism, e.g. urea reproductive system - enables reproduction, produces sex cells respiratory system - provides gas exchange, i.e. supplies the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Homeostasis

It is the ability to maintain relatively constant conditions in the body's internal environment. Homeostatic mechanisms are responsible for maintaining this balance.

Parameters that the body maintains at a relatively constant level

⇨ body temperature : 35.5-37 ° C ⇨ blood glucose concentration: 70-140 mg / l blood ⇨ blood pH: 7.35-7.45 ⇨ blood pressure: 120/8 mm Hg ⇨ body hydration and the concentration of mineral salts ⇨ the concentration of CO2 and O2 in the blood

Homeostasis control system 1. The value of the parameter is disturbed 2. The receptor registers the change. 3. The receptor sends information about the change to the control center (in the brain) 4. The control center sends information to the appropriate effectors - organs. 5. Homeostatic mechanisms are activated. 6. The value of the parameter returns to the equilibrium state.

Graphically:

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